What Is a Spirit Box?
A modern spirit box scanning through radio frequencies to facilitate potential spirit communication
A spirit box, also known as a ghost box, is a modified radio device designed to scan rapidly through multiple radio frequencies without locking onto any specific station. The theory behind this paranormal tool is that spirits can manipulate the white noise and radio fragments to form words or phrases, enabling real-time communication between the living and the deceased.
Paranormal researchers believe that entities from beyond may use the energy from these devices to manifest their voices. The constant scanning creates a stream of audio snippets and white noise that, according to practitioners, spirits can influence to deliver messages.
The Evolution of Spirit Boxes
The concept of using electronic devices for spirit communication isn’t new. Early versions date back to the work of Thomas Edison, who reportedly experimented with devices to contact the dead. Modern spirit boxes evolved from Frank’s Box (or Ghost Box), created by Frank Sumption in 2002, which used AM radio frequencies for spirit communication.
Today’s spirit boxes have become more sophisticated, offering features like adjustable scan rates, dual-sweep technology, and even built-in recording capabilities to capture potential electronic voice phenomena (EVP).
“Spirit boxes have revolutionized the way we approach paranormal investigation. They’ve opened up a new channel of potential communication that wasn’t available to earlier generations of researchers.”
How Do Spirit Boxes Work?
Spirit boxes operate on a simple yet ingenious principle. They rapidly scan through radio frequencies on either the AM or FM band (or both in advanced models), creating a constant stream of audio fragments and white noise. This scanning happens at adjustable speeds, typically ranging from 100 to 300 milliseconds per frequency.
The technical process works as follows:
- The spirit box continuously sweeps through radio frequencies without pausing on any station
- This creates a background of white noise and random audio snippets from various radio broadcasts
- The theory suggests that spirits can manipulate this audio environment to form words or phrases
- The device amplifies these sounds through its speaker, allowing investigators to hear potential responses
Many researchers believe that the white noise provides the energy that spirits need to manifest their voices, while the radio fragments offer phonetic components that can be rearranged to form words. Advanced users often record sessions for later analysis, as spirit responses may be clearer upon review.
The Science Behind Frequency Scanning
The rapid scanning through radio frequencies creates what’s known as “audio pareidolia” – the tendency for the human brain to find familiar patterns in random sounds. This is why it’s crucial for investigators to use controlled methods when working with spirit boxes to distinguish between genuine paranormal communication and psychological phenomena.
| Spirit Box Model | Frequency Range | Scan Rate | Special Features |
| SB7 Spirit Box | AM: 520-1720 kHz FM: 76-108 MHz |
100-300 ms | Forward/reverse scanning, adjustable sweep speed |
| P-SB11 | AM: 530-1700 kHz FM: 88-108 MHz |
50-310 ms | Dual sweep technology, separate AM/FM scanning |
| SBox Ghost Box | AM: 520-1710 kHz FM: 76-108 MHz |
100-350 ms | Built-in recorder, temperature sensor |
| Ovilus | N/A (Dictionary-based) | N/A | EMF detection, phonetic generator, dictionary mode |
SB7 Spirit Box
The SB7 Spirit Box has become the industry standard for paranormal investigators. Featured on numerous ghost hunting television shows, this compact device offers reliable performance with straightforward operation.
Key Features:
- AM/FM frequency scanning with adjustable sweep speed
- Forward and reverse scanning capabilities
- Temperature readout to detect cold spots
- Durable construction for field investigations
- Battery-powered for portable operation
P-SB11 Spirit Box with Dual Sweep
The P-SB11 represents the next evolution in spirit box technology, featuring innovative dual-sweep technology that scans two frequency bands simultaneously. This creates a more complex audio environment that many investigators believe enhances spirit communication possibilities.
Key Features:
- Dual radio scanning for simultaneous AM and FM sweeping
- Independent volume controls for each radio
- Forward and reverse scanning options
- Multiple scan speed settings
- Built-in amplified speaker system
Ovilus Word Generator
The Ovilus takes a different approach to spirit communication. Rather than scanning radio frequencies, it uses environmental readings (EMF, temperature, etc.) to generate words from a built-in dictionary. Many investigators use the Ovilus alongside traditional spirit boxes for comprehensive investigation sessions.
Key Features:
- Dictionary mode with over 2,000 words
- Phonetic generator for creating sounds
- EMF detection capabilities
- Multiple operating modes
- Digital display for clear word presentation
Comparing Spirit Box Features
Traditional Spirit Boxes (SB7, P-SB11)
- More established methodology with years of documented results
- Provides raw audio material that spirits can potentially manipulate
- Adjustable scan speeds to find optimal communication settings
- More affordable entry point for beginners
- Simpler operation with fewer settings to manage
Word Generators (Ovilus)
- More direct communication through word display
- No radio interference to filter through
- Multiple detection methods (EMF, temperature, vibration)
- Less subjective interpretation required
- Can work in areas with poor radio reception
How to Use a Spirit Box: Step-by-Step Guide
Paranormal investigators conducting a spirit box session in a reportedly haunted location
Using a spirit box effectively requires proper technique and protocol. Follow this comprehensive guide to maximize your chances of capturing meaningful communication during your paranormal investigations:
Preparation Phase
- Choose the right location – Select an area with reported paranormal activity or historical significance. Areas with emotional energy (hospitals, battlefields, etc.) often yield better results.
- Prepare your equipment – Ensure your spirit box has fresh batteries and test it before the investigation begins. Bring backup batteries as these devices can drain quickly.
- Reduce environmental contamination – Turn off cell phones, radios, and other electronic devices that might interfere with your session or create false positives.
- Bring recording equipment – Always record your sessions for later review. Many responses become clearer upon playback and analysis.
A proper spirit box setup with recording equipment and documentation materials
Conducting the Session
- Begin with a baseline – Run the spirit box for 5-10 minutes without asking questions to establish how the ambient radio sounds in that location.
- Introduce yourself and state your intentions – Clearly explain who you are, why you’re there, and that you wish to communicate respectfully.
- Ask clear, direct questions – Speak loudly and clearly, keeping questions simple. Allow 10-15 seconds between questions for responses.
- Use the “Estes Method” – For advanced sessions, have one investigator wear noise-canceling headphones connected to the spirit box while another asks questions. This prevents audio pareidolia and can yield impressive results.
Effective Questions for Spirit Box Sessions
- “Is there anyone here who would like to communicate with us?”
- “Can you tell us your name?”
- “What year is it for you?”
- “How many spirits are present with us?”
- “Can you repeat the word I just said?” (Validation test)
Analysis and Documentation
- Document everything – Note the time, location, questions asked, and any responses heard during the session.
- Review recordings – Carefully analyze your audio recordings, preferably with headphones in a quiet environment.
- Validate findings – Have multiple team members review the same audio independently to confirm responses.
- Cross-reference with historical information – Research any names or details received to validate their historical accuracy.
Reviewing and analyzing spirit box recordings is a crucial step in validating potential communication
Important Safety Considerations
While using a spirit box is generally considered safe, always maintain proper spiritual boundaries and protection. Some investigators perform a protection ritual or prayer before sessions. Never conduct sessions alone, especially in remote or dangerous locations. Always prioritize physical safety over evidence collection.
The Estes Method: Advanced Spirit Box Technique
The Estes Method in action: One investigator listens to the spirit box through headphones while another asks questions
The Estes Method, named after paranormal investigator Karl Pfeiffer and Connor Randall (who worked at the Stanley Hotel), has revolutionized spirit box sessions by reducing the potential for audio pareidolia and psychological suggestion. This advanced technique has gained popularity for producing compelling results during investigations.
How the Estes Method Works
- Equipment setup – Connect the spirit box to noise-canceling headphones
- Roles assignment – One investigator (the “receiver”) wears the headphones and is often blindfolded
- Isolation – The receiver cannot hear the questions being asked by the second investigator
- Communication – The receiver speaks aloud any words or phrases heard through the spirit box
- Documentation – A third team member records both the questions and responses
The power of this method lies in its elimination of expectation bias. Since the receiver doesn’t know what questions are being asked, any relevant responses that directly answer questions provide stronger evidence of potential communication.
“The Estes Method has completely transformed how we conduct spirit box sessions. By removing the psychological suggestion factor, we’ve documented some of our most compelling evidence using this technique.”
Scientific Validity and Controversies
Scientific testing of spirit boxes in controlled environments helps evaluate their effectiveness
The scientific community remains divided on the validity of spirit boxes as genuine tools for paranormal communication. Understanding both sides of this debate is essential for any serious investigator.
Skeptical Perspectives
Critics of spirit box technology point to several scientific explanations for the perceived “responses”:
- Audio pareidolia – The human brain’s tendency to find familiar patterns in random noise
- Radio broadcast fragments – Words and phrases from actual radio stations being misinterpreted as responses
- Confirmation bias – Investigators hearing what they expect or hope to hear
- The ideomotor effect – Unconscious muscular movements influencing device operation
- Lack of controlled studies – Insufficient peer-reviewed research validating the technology
“When we analyze spirit box sessions, we often find that what sounds like intelligent responses can be explained by fragments of radio broadcasts or psychological phenomena like pareidolia.”
Supporting Evidence
Proponents of spirit box technology cite several compelling arguments for their validity:
- Direct responses to questions – Specific answers that directly address questions asked
- Historically verifiable information – Details provided that investigators could not have known
- Consistent results – Similar responses obtained across multiple sessions and locations
- Cross-validation – Responses that align with other forms of evidence (EMF spikes, temperature drops)
- The Estes Method results – Blind testing protocols that reduce psychological factors
A Note on False Positives
Even experienced investigators acknowledge that many spirit box “hits” are likely coincidental or misinterpreted. The key to credible investigation is maintaining a healthy skepticism while being open to genuine phenomena. Always seek to debunk your own evidence first, and only consider paranormal explanations when all natural causes have been ruled out.
Best Practices for Scientific Validity
- Conduct control sessions in non-haunted locations to establish baseline results
- Use multiple recording devices to capture sessions from different angles
- Implement blind and double-blind testing protocols when possible
- Document environmental conditions that might affect results
- Have skeptical team members review evidence alongside believers
Real-Life Case Studies: Spirit Boxes in Action
Examining documented cases where spirit boxes have produced compelling evidence can provide valuable insights into their potential effectiveness. Here are three notable investigations where spirit box communication yielded remarkable results:
Waverly Hills Sanatorium Investigation
During a 2018 investigation at the notorious Waverly Hills Sanatorium in Louisville, Kentucky, a team of researchers conducted an extensive spirit box session in the former tuberculosis ward. Using an SB7 Spirit Box, they documented over 30 apparent responses that directly answered their questions.
Notable Evidence:
- When asked “How many people died in this room?” the spirit box clearly produced “forty-two” – a number later verified through historical records
- The name “Mary” came through repeatedly, corresponding with documented accounts of a nurse who worked there
- When the team asked about treatment methods, the response “painful” was captured, followed by “lungs” – relevant to the tuberculosis treatments performed there
What made this case particularly compelling was the correlation between the spirit box responses and the simultaneous EMF spikes recorded on separate equipment, suggesting a potential energy manipulation during communication attempts.
Villisca Ax Murder House
The Villisca Ax Murder House in Iowa, site of an unsolved 1912 murder of eight people, has been the location of numerous paranormal investigations. In 2020, a research team employed the Estes Method with a P-SB11 spirit box with remarkable results.
Notable Evidence:
- The blindfolded receiver repeatedly stated “children” and “upstairs” without knowing investigators were asking about the murdered children
- When asked if the killer was still present, the response “gone long” came through clearly
- The name “Paul” was captured multiple times – significant because historical records suggest a man named Paul Mueller was a suspect never charged in the case
What made this investigation particularly convincing was the use of the Estes Method, which eliminated the possibility that the receiver was simply responding to the questions they heard. The session was documented on multiple cameras and audio recorders, providing a comprehensive record of the experience.
Eastern State Penitentiary
Eastern State Penitentiary in Philadelphia, one of America’s most haunted locations, was the site of a controlled spirit box experiment in 2019. Researchers used both an SB7 and an Ovilus X in different cell blocks to compare results.
Notable Evidence:
- In Cell Block 12, known for intense paranormal activity, the spirit box produced the words “guard” and “killed” in succession
- Historical research later confirmed a guard was indeed fatally stabbed in that area in 1929
- The Ovilus device produced the word “riot” in Cell Block 5, the location of a significant prison riot in 1933
What made this case study significant was the cross-validation between two different types of communication devices and the historical verification of information that was not common knowledge among the investigation team. The session was conducted with scientific controls, including baseline readings and controlled environmental conditions.
Frequently Asked Questions About Spirit Boxes
Are spirit boxes dangerous to use?
Most paranormal researchers consider spirit boxes to be safe tools for investigation. Unlike Ouija boards or other methods that some believe can open permanent portals, spirit boxes are generally viewed as temporary communication channels. However, many investigators recommend setting clear boundaries at the beginning of sessions and performing closing rituals afterward. As with any paranormal investigation, maintaining a respectful approach and positive intentions is advised.
Can I build my own spirit box?
Yes, some investigators create DIY spirit boxes using modified AM/FM radios. This involves disabling the circuit that makes radios stop on clear stations, allowing continuous scanning. However, commercial spirit boxes typically offer more consistent performance, adjustable scan rates, and additional features that enhance investigation capabilities. For serious researchers, investing in a purpose-built device is usually recommended.
What’s the difference between a spirit box and EVP recording?
Traditional EVP (Electronic Voice Phenomena) recording involves capturing audio in a quiet environment and reviewing it later to discover voices or sounds not heard during the recording. Spirit boxes provide real-time communication attempts through radio frequency manipulation. Many investigators use both methods simultaneously – recording their spirit box sessions for later analysis while also listening for real-time responses.
Do I need other equipment besides a spirit box?
While a spirit box can be used on its own, most serious investigators employ additional equipment for comprehensive investigations. This typically includes audio recorders, EMF meters, temperature sensors, and video cameras. This multi-equipment approach allows for cross-validation – if a spirit box response coincides with an EMF spike and temperature drop, it provides stronger evidence of potential paranormal activity.
Conclusion: The Future of Spirit Box Technology
The evolution of paranormal investigation equipment continues with more sophisticated spirit communication devices
Spirit boxes represent a fascinating intersection of technology and paranormal research. While scientific debate continues about their effectiveness, these devices have undeniably transformed modern ghost hunting practices and provided compelling experiences for countless investigators.
As technology advances, we’re seeing new generations of communication devices that incorporate artificial intelligence, advanced audio processing, and multi-sensor approaches. These innovations may help bridge the gap between skeptics and believers by providing more consistent and verifiable results.
Whether you’re a seasoned paranormal investigator or a curious newcomer, spirit boxes offer an accessible entry point into the world of ghost hunting and spirit communication. By approaching these tools with both an open mind and healthy skepticism, you can conduct meaningful investigations that contribute to our understanding of the paranormal.
“The most important tool in any paranormal investigation isn’t the equipment – it’s the investigator’s approach. A spirit box in the hands of a thoughtful, methodical researcher can yield remarkable insights into the unknown.”
